Is a Fair Trade Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy free essay sample

He believes fair trade policies are needed to protect the poor from the rich. On the other hand, Gary Hufbauer argues for free trade; stating that it is a superior policy because it can benefit everyone in the developed and developing world. I agree with Joseph Stiglitz in this matter, because I believe fair trade is the best policy for the business world today. When people speak of globalization they only speak of the â€Å"positives. † They say free trade has increased the American household income by lowering costs of products and this was possible because labor costs were cut. Joseph Stiglitz speaks of the other side of globalization. He states Americans who used to work these low skilled jobs have lost their jobs and are having a difficult time finding employment. Not only that, but the workers in these countries are also suffering because the work environment isn’t safe and they are underpaid. We will write a custom essay sample on Is a Fair Trade Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The unemployment rate in the United States has been increasing over the past 30 years. Factories have been closing and businesses have permanently shut down all over the U. S. Many Americans have packed up their belongings and moved to other areas to find work. In the article Can the Midwest Regain its Economic Clout, by Richard Longworth, it says places like Dayton, Cleveland, Detroit, and St. Louis have seen a decrease in their population because many have left to find work. These areas have lost anywhere from 40-60% of their populations. I understand from a business point of view globalization is a good way to make profit by keeping the cost down and individuals in other countries have work, however, the environment isn’t always safe and they are getting paid next to nothing. Meanwhile, in the United States, so many people are struggling to find a job and keep their families financially afloat. I believe if companies want to send the work overseas, they have to make fair trade rules. The working conditions need to better and so does the pay. This way both the rich businessmen and the poor workers benefit. I also believe that maybe not all the work from one company should be sent overseas; send some work there and keep some here, this way more people will benefit I think fair trade is the morally just way to conduct business. Not only will Americans benefit, but so will the workers in developing countries. Most importantly this would keep the rich from getting richer and the poor from struggling to keep afloat. I believe this could really help close the gap between the two. It would also help lower the unemployment rate in the United States and will hopefully bring up the average household income. Fair trade will build a strong foundation and a sense of camaraderie with developing countries.

Abortion- Pro essays

Abortion- Pro essays Abortion is a very touchy subject in American politics. When dealing with this issue, there are two sides that one can take. There is the Pro-life side, which believe that abortion is not a good thing, and should be made illegal. On the other end of the spectrum, there is the Pro-choice side. The Pro-choice side believe that its a womans choice if she wants to carry the baby, or abort the pregnancy. There are many pros and cons to each of the argument. One reason that Pro-choice advocates believe that there stance on the issue is the right one is that they believe that its a womans choice whether or not she aborts the pregnancy because its her body. Since the fetus is part of her body, she can make the decision whether she lets it live or die. Its like, if a woman has something wrong with her leg, and one of the options is to amputate, she can either choose to get rid of the leg and be done with it, or keep it. Another reason that Pro-choice supporters think that abortion is alright is that they do not consider a fetus to be a living human being. One of the main stances that Pro-life supporters have is that killing a fetus is just like killing a human being. While Pro-choice advocates believe that life begins at birth, and that killing the fetus is not kill a human, just killing a part of you. The final reason I will touch upon for the Pro-choice side is that sometimes, an abortion is the best thing if the mother is not capable of taking care of a baby. Sometimes a mother is not expecting the baby, and when it is conceived is not emotionally or financially ready to take care of the baby. When this is the case, an abortion can solve this problem, making it so she doesnt have a baby to take care of. On the other end of things, There are reason why Pro-life is the way to be. There are all pretty much the opposite of the reasons for Pro-choice. One of them is that a fetus is a human ...

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Technology in retailing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Technology in retailing - Essay Example Retailing can take many form depending on the individual concerned since he/ she may decide to take on a door-to-door delivery system where he/ she goes to the consumer even if they at times might not have ordered the same (Baker, Grewal & Levy, 2004). This at times influence impulse buying. Another form involves the use of a given permanent location that may be a shop, mall or even market place. In this second scenario the customer only buys when they themselves have gone to the said place. From the above small description of what retailing is we can proceed and take a keen look at the various models of retailing we have. The first model involves independent retailers who are basically ones who have built a given business from its inception to its current state. They are those who we call the entrepreneurs who see to it that a business grows from an idea they had, its early stages of growth until it is fully established (Emmitt, 2012). Independent retailers are very different from t he second group of retailers who only acquire an already existing business. These retailers either acquire the business through buying the said business or at times it through inheritance. We can see that these group does not have the difficulties of coming up with a plan and executing it to inception. Theirs is just to maintain and improve on an already existing business. In this group we can say in one way or another may entail franchise where there is a purchase of a franchise which is like buying the legal approval to use a brand name, or the concept and business plan of an existing business. The final model of retailing we look at is the technology based business which involves the use of technology in the acquisition, retaining and servicing of consumer needs. Thus due to a still competition from already existing models of retailing, technological retailing has to establish and follow given guidelines in order to stay among the top models. After all is said and done we have to take a look at the E-strategies used in retailing to one way or another ensure the success and practicality of the retailing business (Baker, Grewal & Levy, 2004). The first option involves offline shopping which we have looked at in detailed in the previous paragraphs. It is also known as bricks where consumers are at liberty to try, feel and even measure or fit on product before they can acquire the said product. This is not to mean that they may accept returns from consumers as this varies depending on the terms and conditions of the retailer. In this category as we have seen may involve clothing stores, supermarkets and malls among other on location retailers. Another very familiar option involves the seeing of the products online and buying the same offline which is commonly known as bricks and some clicks.in these scenario, consumers tend to gather information about a given service or good online via the internet and after some comparison and analysis goes ahead to buy the sa id product in a store that has the same. This strategy might not work for the website operator especially if the site is not part of the ownership of the store (Emmitt, 2012). This is because a consumer might research on a given alien site and proceed to buy the product from a different store thus the website operator gets nothing. Another issue with online research before purchasing is that if the information on the site is

The global cold war in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The global cold war in Latin America - Essay Example Another important factor that helped to protect Latin America was the defeat engineered by Fidel Castro in Cuba. It was of great importance since it helped in determining how the united states would come up with policies and how they would be implemented. The policies were concerned with mainly the social and economic welfare of the people. Furthermore, the Defeat by Fidel Castro saw the alienation of American companies in the whole Latin America. This was a drawback to the United States and as he signed pacts and treaties that benefited the economy and military of his country.Cold war in Latin ends with the end in Fidel Castro’s revolution. At the moment, the Latin America had little or no support from the neighboring nations that is Moscow and United States. Since it became an isolated place, it sized to be the strategic point after the cold war. In the end, it becomes of no value to the two countries, which implied that they attained little help in building their political and economic pillars.Rwanda, Somalia, and Yugoslavia are among the many countries that have experienced instances and situations of mass violence. Many other countries were being affected by mass violence at an alarming rate and this resulted in the emergence of support organizations such as United Nations Conventions for the prevention and punishment of the crime of Genocide.The United Nations had to take action especially after the mass violence genocide in Rwanda and the ethnic killings in Yugoslavia.

Book Reviews Essay Example for Free

Book Reviews Essay 1. To what does the title of the book refer? Having a detailed and well-constructed setting in Packingtown, Chicago, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle can easily be mistaken as a story that has its central on the setting. Therefore, it is but natural to point out that the title is referring to Packingtown itself. Reading thoroughly into the book, though, one is led to realize that the jungle actually refers to something larger than just the city where the story happens. Aside from a vivid description of the setting, which greatly resembles the darkness and gloominess of the jungle, a reader has to note what the characters in the story have to go through. The novel depicts scenes where characters do everything in their power to survive the cut-throat environment in which they live in. These scenes point to what the title actually refers to: the concept of survival of the fittest. Much as the most cunning animals in the jungle are those who survive, The Jungle reflects that those who are devious reign supreme. 2. What is the main point(s) of the book? Why did the author write it? Did the author achieve his objective? Upton Sinclair wanted to reveal the evils of the meat-packing industry during his time. But more than just wanting to abolish the barbarity of the meat industry, Upton Sinclair wanted to take a jab at the evils of capitalism and the meat industry was just a start for him. Being a socialist, the author wanted to show how capitalism is detrimental to the poor as it only makes the rich richer. Though Sinclair was not totally successful in abandoning capitalism, he was, at the very least, successful in urging the government to take a look at the meat-packing industry and take steps in bettering the said industry. To date, The Jungle remains one of the most influential books in American history. 3. When was the book written? Is that relevant in this case? The novel was written in 1906, which holds significance as to why the story was written. The setting depicted in the novel is one that Upton Sinclair has experienced, urging him to write the book. 4. What do you know about the life of the author that would have led him to write The Jungle? Upton Sinclair was born to a family who once enjoyed aristocratic status but was thrown into the binge of poverty towards the end of the 1870’s. Growing up in a poor environment and hearing stories of the rich lifestyle from his once wealthy grandparents had its mark on young Sinclair. This contrast between the rich and the poor greatly affected his writings. Aside from this, though, something that led him to write The Jungle was the introduction to the socialist philosophy during his college years. Not only did the philosophy instill the principles that were apparent in The Jungle, it literally pushed Upton Sinclair into the industry he represented in the novel. Being an avid fan of socialism, the author became a writer for a socialist paper that sent him to investigate the lives of stockyard workers – those working in the meatpacking industry included. 5. How well does The Jungle reflect political, urban, business and immigrant life in America in the early twentieth century? Do you think it is an accurate reflection? Why or why not? Upton Sinclair is often criticized for his tendency to exaggerate; hence, it can be assumed that his portrayal of what was happening in the meat-packing industry is sort of larger-than-life. Assuming that this is true, one can still not deny that The Jungle still is a reflection of the political, urban, business and immigrant life in America during the early twentieth century. Despite whatever embellishments were written in The Jungle, Upton Sinclair still truthfully revealed the atrocities regarding the capitalist society – how the immigrants have to fight for their lives in order to ensure survival in the city and how the authorities turn a blind eye to industries that have the capacity to â€Å"pay†. 6. What were the problems immigrants faced at the turn of the twentieth century? Are those problems still evident? How or how not is that the case? That is, what has changed or not changed in the last hundred years for immigrants? The face of immigration in the United States has changed several times in the past decade. Towards the end of the 19th and during the earlier parts of the 20th centuries, immigrants faced numerous kinds of discrimination. Coming to America under circumstances where the country was riddled with poverty, crime, and disease, the immigrants in this period were feared and ridiculed. They were seen by the majority as the source of everything bad in American society during that period. Also, the growing number of immigrants has led the U. S. government to take some steps to curb the entrance of more people into U. S. shores. Positive changes have occurred for immigrants as well. The quotas were eventually removed, welcoming more immigrants to fulfill their â€Å"American† dream. Also, the concept of white ethnicity shifted from scientific evidence to common knowledge – making race dependent on social boundaries rather than scientific definitions. 8. What did you like most and least about the book? I could have done without the overly vivid depictions of the meat-packing industry, though I also have to admit that it was those depictions that made the novel deliver an effective message. The fact that the book spoke truthfully of the anomalies in the food industry and urged changes that up to now I am benefitting from is what I loved most about it. Rarely do we come across a literary piece that affects lives as much. 9. What was the most important and/or interesting thing(s) you learned from reading the book? The most important thing I learned from the book is the beauty of socialism and an appreciation for the kind of capitalism that America has at the moment. I also found it interesting how a literary fiction greatly affected one aspect of corruption in the country. 10. Are there any other comments you would like to make that were not addressed above? Whether or not socialism would have been a better system for the United States is something that we all have to just imagine. I guess despite the evils that capitalism may present, one cannot deny that capitalism is not such a bad thing, considering how much growth it has brought to this country. We all just have to be wary of possible corruptions and act upon these when spotted. QUESTIONS FOR GRAPES OF WRATH 1. Who was John Steinbeck? Why did he write his book? What was there in the author’s background or the time period of the book’s writing that might have led him to write the book? Living in California most of his life (with just a brief stay in New York), John Steinbeck has been exposed to the events that went down in Californian history. Grapes of Wrath was a direct result of the happenings that transpired in America during the 1930’s. With the Great Depression dawning over the â€Å"Dust Bowl† states of Oklahoma and Texas, many of the farmers migrated to California. Steinbeck was a witness as to how California became crowded, making job and food scarce for the migrant farmers who became known as ‘Okies’. 3. What is the time period of the book’s action? The book’s action occurs mostly in the 1930’s – mostly 1930’s when the migration of the ‘Okies’ to California and when the discrimination occurred. 4. What were the attractions of California? Are there any parallels today? California was seen as the ‘salvation’ of the Okies farmers. It was a land that promised fertile lands which equated to jobs. Though California is no longer the agricultural land that it once was, it still is a refuge for people who want to get good employment. Instead of lands to till, California offers movie studios that equate to jobs for aspiring actors and actresses. 5. What was the opposition to the Okies? Was any of it valid? The ‘local’ Californians were greatly opposed to the Okies because they saw the migrants as threats wanting to take over the land as they once had over the Mexicans. Though total land domination was not what the Okies intended, 6. When was the book written? Why is that relevant? First published in 1939, Grapes of Wrath was penned in 1938. The time period is relevant as it tells a lot as to why Steinbeck chose the subject matter for the novel. 7. To what does the title of the book refer? Grapes of Wrath refers to the fruits of wrath. John Steinbeck wants to communicate the good thing about maintaining a sense of anger towards people who intend to clip your wings or who attempt to trample your dignity. There’s this line in the novel that clearly depicts this: â€Å"as long as fear turn to wrath† – when fear turns to wrath, self-respect is maintained. 9. How well did the book expose what some would call the social ills of the nation? Many have criticized the book to be merely a sentiment rather than a true exposure of the social ills of America during the time of its publication. However, its continuing popularity to date – not just with casual readers but with students as well – reflects just how effective Steinbeck was in exposing the ills of society. Even though the story was something central to the setting, the morals and themes exposed still rings true at present times, making Grapes of Wrath a truly classic story. 10. Do you think the book is an accurate reflection of America at that time? Why or why not? I guess even with the contention from some Americans, Grapes of Wrath is an accurate reflection of 1930’s America. With the Great Depression dawning over America, one cannot blame the people for being selfish and doubtful of other people. And though Steinbeck’s novel is considered fiction, the stories depicted in it are those that have been painted in history books as well. 11. What have been some of the racial criticisms of Steinbeck? Why? In this novel, John Steinbeck focuses on â€Å"white† racism. He mostly deals with a rich white to poor white discrimination. He wanted to paint the discrepancy between the rich and poor at that time. Though he also touched on discrimination of the black Americans in Chapter 19, â€Å"Why, Jesus, theyre as dangerous as niggers in the South! If they ever get together there aint nothin thatll stop em. † Steinbeck wanted to reiterate the fact that racism exists and that it is still an issue Americans have to address. 12. What does the book say about the state of socialism or communism in America at that time? What are the author’s greatest criticisms of capitalism? Are they valid? Explain. John Steinbeck portrayed America in a state of unrestricted capitalism. His greatest critique of this kind of philosophy is that the â€Å"haves† continually drive the â€Å"have nots† into extreme poverty. Because of inconsideration and a desire to constantly acquire more wealth, the landowners and bank people deprive the small landowners and share-croppers of the basic needs of survival, such as the case with oranges being spilled with kerosene. Basing on accounts of the Great Depression, one can say that Steinbeck did paint a realistic picture. Given that, one can say that his criticisms are valid in that they needed attention from the people and action towards change. 13. If the author’s points are valid regarding problems depicted in the book, then why weren’t there more violent uprisings? Violent uprisings were not possible given the fact that most of the poor people have survival as their primary concern. With families starving, small landowners and share-croppers worry more about where their next meal will come from rather than how they can better their lives through insurgency. 14. Do you think Steinbeck supported or rejected the New Deal? Explain. Explain what the book has to say about the effects of technology, both negative and positive. Though the ending of Grapes of Wrath shadows Steinbeck’s belief that communism may be a better way of living (the breastfeeding scene tells that sharing of resources is a better option as compared to capitalism), I think Steinbeck may have accepted the New Deal in that it aimed to put a control over capitalism. 15. How did the philosophy of Jim Casey, who some critics say embodied the ideas of Steinbeck more than any other character, fit the philosophy of the New Deal? Jim Casey was the voice of reason in Grapes of Wrath. His philosophy meshes well with the New Deal as it speaks of how Steinbeck wanted ‘structure’ in the capitalism ruling over America. New Deal streamlines programs that will attempt at balancing the scale that at that time favors the rich and tip it to favor the oppressed. 16. What did you like most and least about the book? Steinbeck’s novel had too many characters that one needs to keep track of. However, his point of view and manner of narration was effective, making one crave for the pages to come. 17. What was the most important and/or interesting thing(s) you learned from reading the book? Much like Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, The Grapes of Wrath makes one see into commercialism as not entirely the evil that everyone may lead to believe. Proper control of the businesses and willingness in everyone to help each other out is just what we need to make capitalism work and to have it fair for all involved. 18. Why did some Americans not like the book? Some, if not most, Californians and Oklahomans at the time of publication did not appreciate Grapes of Wrath because of the thinking that they were poorly – if not wrongly – represented in the novel. They argue that the books’ depiction of the events were not true to life. 20. Are there any points you would have liked to see developed more in the book? I would have liked to see more of what kind of steps Steinbeck wanted America to partake. It would have been a more effective read had there been more suggestions as to what the citizens or government needed to do to alleviate poverty. 21. Would you recommend this book to others? Why or why not? I would certainly recommend this book to others because I enjoyed reading it. It gave me a look into American history that I never would want to be repeated in present times. Given this, it made me realize what I need to do to prevent history from repeating itself. 22. Are there any other points you would like to make that were not addressed above? I guess all points have been discussed in the above questions. QUESTIONS FOR IN RETROSPECT, The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam 1. Who was Robert McNamara? Why did he write his book? Robert McNamara was the United States’ 8th Secretary of Defense. The book IN RETROSPECT: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam was born out of his experiences as the Secretary of Defense during the Vietnam War. 2. What are topics covered in the book? What is the book’s time period? Why? After a brief autobiography of his life up to the point when he was appointed by President John F. Kennedy as Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara went on to discuss everything he knew about the Vietnam War. In each chapter, he outlined how America came to a point of deep involvement with South Vietnam’s fight against succumbing to communism. He detailed JFK’s decisions and on to President Lyndon B. Johnson’s plans on Vietnam. Since this is mostly about the Vietnam War, the book covers the 1960’s. 3. What were the arguments for staying in Vietnam during the 1950s and ‘60s? JFK’s reason for involvement in Vietnam is containment, suppressing communism and ensuring American influence in Asia. When JFK started to withdraw U. S. troops in Vietnam, he was shortly assassinated. When LBJ took over, U. S. troops were still highly visible in Vietnam. On top of pressure for more military support, LBJ’s reason was that he wanted to retaliate for attacks on the American presence in Vietnam. 4. What does McNamara say are the false assumptions the U. S. had about the Vietnam War in the early and mid 1960s? Being a strong to reckon with, America has falsely assumed that it can – single-handedly – prevent communism and help South Vietnam fight off the force of the North. What America failed to see was that it needed the support of other nations regarding the causes being fought in the Vietnam War. Also, America thought South Vietnam needed Americans to fight their war when in fact all they would have needed was mere aid. 5. Why did the U. S. escalate the war in the mid 1960s? The attacks on the U. S. troops at the Tonkin Gulf led to the escalation of the war in 1965. 6. What does McNamara say were some of the basic questions we failed to ask and answer before committing U. S. forces in Vietnam? McNamara listed the following basic questions that we failed to ask ourselves before involving ourselves deeper into the Vietnam War: (a) Was it true that the fall of South Vietnam would trigger the fall of all Southeast Asia? (b) Would that constitute a grave threat to the Wests security? (c) What kind of war — conventional or guerrilla — might develop? (d) Could we win it with US troops fighting alongside the South Vietnamese? And (d) Should we not know the answers to these questions before deciding whether to commit troops? 7. Why does McNamara feel that a greater U. S. military effort in Vietnam would have been disastrous? McNamara felt that escalating war in Vietnam will have its grave effects mostly because the effort will not be something that the Congress has agreed upon, leading to unrest from the American people. Also, the fact that America has failed to answer the â€Å"five basic questions† prove that America really is yet unready to take things a step further in Vietnam. 8. Are there any lessons from the Vietnam War that might have significance for America’s current policy in Iraq? Though unified agreement on a looming war is impossible, America should have learned from Vietnam the lesson that the nation needs to be unified in the causes of a war. Also, America should wholly ready in facing any impending war instead of making head-on collisions without any preparations. 10. What is the most important thing you learned from the book? The book taught me about a period in my country’s time that I was not able to bear witness to. It made me understand as to why Americans had the sentiments about Vietnam and why the same sentiments are being applied to Iraq. 11. Did you like the book? Why or why not? Though the book was a historical account rather than a fictional stab at past events like the books above, I did enjoy reading it. It also made me look into events that have unfolded as of late. 12. What sources did the author use to make his points? McNamara pointed to his own experiences to drive his point. 13. Does the author achieve what he set out to do? I think Robert McNamara was fairly effective in opening the eyes of the nation to the truths about the Vietnam War. The objective was achieved because for the first time, Americans were able to get a perspective from an insider. It was a relief to actually get an admission of the mistakes of the Vietnam War straight from the â€Å"author of the Vietnam War† himself. 14. Are there any points you would have liked to see developed in the book more? I guess the book pretty much covered all bases, especially since we were getting an â€Å"insider’s perspective†. 15. What have you learned from reading this book? I have learned that by looking deep into the inner workings of the Vietnam War will prevent America from making the same mistakes over again. Also, I learned that a deliberation of the nation’s actions will yield better results than making hurried decisions. 16. Would you recommend this book to others? Why or why not? To any American who cares to have a glimpse of one of the most eventful periods of America, I will recommend this book because this is a really good insight to the Vietnam War. Also a lot of lessons can be learned from it. 17. Are there any other comments you would like to make that were not addressed above? None, everything has been said above. QUESTIONS FOR THE KITE RUNNER 1. What is the time frame and location of the book? Kite Runner takes us to Afghanistan during the last days of monarchy (1973) into recent times. We also get glimpses of America but the story mostly occurs in Afghanistan. 2. What did you learn about the history of Afghanistan from reading the book? Afghanistan’s history is very much described by socioeconomic class, with the lower classes having little to almost no hope of moving up the ladder. Discrimination was central to the poor and this discrimination led to uprisings and upheaval of monarchy. I have also learned how the history of Afghanistan was riddled with a lot of turmoil such as civil war and the Soviet invasion. I also got a glimpse of how the Talibans started to try and take control. 3. What did you learn about the Cold War? The Cold War left Afghan in a more turbulent state, having been in the center of two superpowers’ desire to take over. Having acquired help from Soviet Union, Afghanistan became sort of a target for the U. S. , who saw an opportunity to bring down the communist country. 4. What did you learn about the immigrant experience from reading the book? Did it support or change your views about immigrants? The book supported my view about immigrants. Immigrants are not entirely a trouble to a country, as one may have been led to believe by previous media works. Immigrants, who have as much difficulty leaving their homelands as settling in a new place, can actually contribute something good to the country. Amir, in one hand, lived in America righteously. 5. What part of the book was the most memorable or meaningful to you? For me, the part where Amir tells Sohrab about his father Hassan is the most memorable part of the book. Not only was it emotionally-laden but any child who has had a good relationship with his/her father can relate to it. It proves that bonds within families are the most important of all. 6. Farid (Amir’s driver) tells Amir that Amir has always been a tourist in Afghanistan – he just didn’t know it (page 323). Do you agree or not? Why? Do you think it’s true for you in your country? I do agree with what Farid told Amir. Amir’s story is not a story that tells what a normal Afghan will go through during the time of the story’s writing. Amir was born of money, something that only a few Afghans have the privilege of having. I don’t think I am like Amir though, because my lifestyle and family stature are what one can describe as being in the middle spectrum of American society. 7. What did you learn about Afghanistan and the Middle East from reading this novel? I learned that the turbulences that we hear in the news of Afghanistan and the Middle East are something that has deep roots in the nations’ histories. 9. Were you surprised to read about the racial tension between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Why do you think the oppression existed? Does it have parallels in America? I guess I can say that I was surprised to read about the racial tension between Pashtuns and Hazaras. I think the oppression came from the fact that the majority group (Pashtuns) wanted to eliminate the minority (Hazaras). This was mainly because they had different beliefs and they wanted one belief to reign supreme. Though in present-day America, this kind of oppression no longer exists, one can recall the kind of racial tension during the American Civil War. 10. Did the end of the book express hope for the future? Why or why not? The ending, for me, presented a lot of hope as I think Sohrab’s little smile is a step towards achieving better things not only for Sohrab himself but for Afghanistan and the Afghanis. Amir allowing a link of the past and the present and a reversal of roles symbolizes the fact that if one is willing to give way, things will eventually be better. 11. How did the book get its title? Who was the kite runner? The original kite runner was Hassan. The act of flying a kite expresses â€Å"controlled† freedom as flight is controlled by that string that binds it. 12. What did you like most and least about the book? The book was generally a sad one, painting stories that are almost heart-wrenching. But since it was a book that presents hope and is a book that has great potential to move people into action, I loved reading it. 13. Why did Baba like Ronald Reagan? Why do you think the neighbors disliked the president? Known for his acceptance of immigration, it was but natural that Baba liked Ronald Reagan. The neighbors, though, disliked the president because he was known to have passed policies that sank America into greater poverty. Baba’s neighbors blamed the president for the oppressed state they were in. 14. Who are the Taliban and how are they portrayed in the book? Do you think the portrayal is accurate? The Talibans were portrayed as the â€Å"bad people†, being shown to do random killings and unjust executions. If one is to believe the things being aired in the news, one can say that the portrayal was accurate. Given that the story was written by an Afghan, one may also assume that the portrayal can only ring the truth. 15. The book talks a lot about courage. Cite some examples of how courage was displayed. Who do you think was the most courageous character? I think the most courageous character was Hassan. His acts of covering up for Amir and standing up against the Talibans are prime examples of courage. 16. With which character did you feel the greatest attachment? Why? I had the greatest attachment to Hassan. He was a real friend and a real admirable character, making him someone that people easily want to know. Please let me know if you have any further question.

The Themes in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay -- Young Goodman B

The Themes in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the reader finds several themes. These will be discussed in this essay.    Morse Peckham in â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism† explains what he interprets Hawthorne’s main theme to be:    Once the self has been redeemed from society it can be explored in its own terms, and for this purpose Hawthorne developed his peculiar use of emblematic allegory. . . . This technique, though Hawthorne’s is different from that of European writers, creates analogies between self and not-self, between personality and the worlds. . . .Henceforth Hawthorne’s theme is the redemption of the self through the acceptance and exploitation of what society terms the guilt of the individual but which to the Romantic is society’s guilt (92).    The interplay between the guilt of the individual, Goodman, and society’s guilt, underlies all of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† from beginning to end.    In reading Hawthorne’s tales, Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses† (in Literary World, August 17, 24, 1850) makes discoveries relevant to the themes:    Where Hawthorne is known, he seems to be deemed a pleasant writer, with a pleasant style,--a sequestered, harmless man, from whom any deep and weighty thing would hardly be anticipated:--a man who means no meanings. But there is no man, in whom humor and love, like mountain peaks, soar to such a rapt height, as to receive the irradiations of the upper skies;--there is no man in whom humor and love are developed in that high form called genius; no such man can exist without also possessing, as the indispensable complement of these, a great, deep intellect, which drops down... ...â€Å"The Return into Time: Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    Martin, Terence â€Å"Six Tales.† In Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965.    Melville, Herman. â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses,† The Literary World August 17, 24, 1850. http://eldred.ne.mediaone.net/nh/hahm.html    Peckham, Morse. â€Å"The Development of Hawthorne’s Romanticism.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Swisher, Clarice. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Biography.† In Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Clarice Swisher. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 1996.    Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.         

Test Bank for Cost Management Essay

Answers 1. A.Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and relevance. – Given 2. B. Competence, confidentiality, integrity, and credibility. 3. C. Competence, confidentiality, independence, and objectivity. 4. D. Competence, accuracy, integrity, and independence. According to the IMA Code of Ethics, what should a management accountant do if a significant ethical situation can’t be resolved? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.The accountant should confront the guilty party and demand the unethical action be stopped. 2. B. The accountant should try to rationalize and understand the position of the other party. 3. C. The accountant should say nothing about the matter until he or she has retired. 4. D. The accountant should first discuss the matter with the immediate supervisor. The strategy map is a tool that is used Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.as one of the key aspects of the contemporary management environment 2. B. to enhance the sustainability of the organization 3. C. to link the perspectives of the balanced scorecard 4. D. to organize the critical success factors of a company 5. E. to implement strategy Which of the following is the primary user of management accounting information regarding business units? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A. Company management. 2. B. Investors. 3. C. Creditors. 4. D. Industry and governmental organizations. When managers produce value for the customer, their orientation consists of all the following except: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Quality and Service. 2. B. Timeliness of delivery. 3. C. The ability to respond to the customer`s desire for specific features. 4. D. State of the art manufacturing facilities. If a firm decided to reevaluate and reorganize the way it did business, in hopes of creating competitive advantage, by changing or decreasing jobs, the company would be using which of the following management technique? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.The value chain. 2. B. Business intelligence. 3. C. Business process improvement. 4. D. Product reevaluation. 5. E. Life cycle costing. Which of the following is not considered part of the Institute of Management Accountants’ definition of management accounting? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Partnering in management decision making. 2. B. Devising planning and performance management systems. 3. C. Gathering, summarizing, analyzing, and providing information. 4. D. Providing expertise in financial reporting and control. 5. E. Assisting management in the formulation and implementation of an organization`s strategy. The difference between wholesalers and retailers is: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Wholesalers are merchandisers that sell directly to customers whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers. 2. B. Wholesalers are merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell directly to consumers. 3. C. Wholesalers are merchandisers that sell directly to the government whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell to other merchandisers. 4. D. Wholesalers are merchandisers that sell directly to customers whereas retailers are merchandisers that sell directly to the government. 5. E. There is no difference between wholesalers and retailers. Cost management has moved from a traditional role of product costing and operational control to a broader strategic focus, which places an emphasis on: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Competitive pricing. 2. B. Domestic marketing. 3. C. Short-term thinking. 4. D. Strategic thinking. 5. E. Independent judgment. Target costing: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Determines cost based on an expected market demand for the product. 2. B. Determines cost based on a budget. 3. C. Determines cost based on standard cost. 4. D. Determines cost based upon market price and desired profit. Cost management information typically is the responsibility of the: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Chief Financial Officer. 2. B. Controller. 3. C. Treasurer. 4. D. Chief Information Officer. A practical example of when the theory of constraints would not be an appropriate management technique to use would be: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Long lines at checkout stands. 2. B. Busy signals on Internet server sites. 3. C. One critical production process provides 60 parts/min. output, compared with a company-wide output of 90 parts/min. 4. D. Balanced, fast flow of product through the plant. A company’s management accountant is trying to improve the way costs are allocated within the company. Currently, several corporate expenses are grouped together and labeled â€Å"overhead.† If the accountant wanted to use activity-based costing (ABC) to help solve the problem, what should she do? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A. She should try to map the departments` costs to their cost objects, and then charge each department based on those cost relationships. 2. B. She should research how the company`s competitors are allocating their costs, and then implement one of those strategies. 3. C. She should look for bottlenecks within the production process, and try to eliminate them, thus reducing costs. 4. D. She should examine the firm`s value chain and apply target costing before adopting ABC. Which of the following is not a contemporary management technique used by the management accountant to respond to the changing business environment? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Enterprise risk management 2. B. Lean manufacturing 3. C. Life cycle costing 4. D. Enterprise sustainability Corporate management is required to identify and solve problems from a cross-functional view. Instead of viewing a problem as related to a specific business function, management solves these problems by combining skills from different functions simultaneously. This approach is called: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Inclusive approach. 2. B. Integrative approach. 3. C. Intra-function approach. 4. D. Multilateral approach. Strategic management can be defined as the development of a sustainable: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Chain of command. 2. B. Competitive position. 3. C. Cash flow. 4. D. Business entity. 5. E. Company image. Which of the following does not represent a main focus of cost management information? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Strategic management. 2. B. Performance measurement. 3. C. Planning and decision making. 4. D. Preparation of financial statements. 5. E. Internal auditing and control. In keeping with the current trend of increased strategic planning, how have management accountants changed their use of life-cycle costing? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.They have now shifted their focus from R&D costs to marketing and promotion costs. 2. B. They have turned from a sole focus on manufacturing costs to a much wider outlook, taking into account costs from the entire product lifecycle. 3. C. They stopped looking at the entire life-cycle, and now focus their attention on product design costs. 4. D. Accountants don`t use life-cycle costing, that task is left for the operations manager. Which of the following professional certificates is considered to be the most relevant for dealing with cost management issues? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.The CPA, which is monitored differently for each state in the U.S. 2. B. The CMA, which is administered through the Institute of Management Accountants. 3. C. The CFA, since its program focuses on the broadest range of topics and responsibilities for financial analysis. 4. D. The CPA, CMA, and CFA are viewed as equally relevant, since all three require an exam, as well as specific background and experience requirements. In a local factory, employees are rewarded for finding new and better ways of changing the way they work. This company is motivating its employees to use what management technique? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Benchmarking. 2. B. Activity-Based Costing. 3. C. Theory of Constraints. 4. D. Continuous Improvement. 5. E. Total Quality Management. All of the following are examples of total quality management practices except: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Redesign of a product to reduce its parts by 50 percent. 2. B. Reduction in the movement required in a manufacturing job. 3. C. Separating the sales and services functions. 4. D. Raising raw material quality standards. 5. E. Cross-training assembly line workers to cover sick leave absences. Which of the following aspects of the contemporary business environment involves using statistical methods such as regression or correlation analysis to predict consumer behavior, to measure customer satisfaction, or to develop models for setting prices, among other uses? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A. Business Intelligence 2. B. Target Costing 3. C. Life Cycle Costing 4. D. Benchmarking 5. E. Business Process Improvement Management accounting information plays a critical role in all of the following management functions except: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Profit planning. 2. B. Executive compensation. 3. C. Planning and decision making. 4. D. Hiring a new CFO. 5. E. Preparing financial statements for the SEC. The five steps for strategic decision making include all of the following except: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Identify the alternative actions 2. B. Gather, summarize, and report accounting information 3. C. Determine the strategic issues surrounding the problem 4. D. Choose and implement the desired alternative 5. E. Provide an ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of implementation A local area consulting firm is trying to increase the long-term strategic focus of its company reports. Therefore, the firm has decided to use the balanced scorecard. What type of new information that the company currently doesn’t use in its financial reports, should the company include? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A. Non-financial information, including customer satisfaction, innovation, etc. 2. B. Additional financial information, such as profitability measures and market value. 3. C. Product life cycle information. 4. D. Supplemental accounting reports. Which of the following is not a major change in the business environment that has affected the way many companies think about conducting business? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.An increased focus on the customer, especially their opinions about functionality and quality. 2. B. A growing emphasis on globalization – new markets for products and new competitors. 3. C. A larger number of companies are starting to use advanced information technologies, such as business intelligence. 4. D. The development of improved cost management methods. Which of the following aspects of a company would not be considered a critical success factor, for a company that competes on differentiation? Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Cutting edge research and development. 2. B. Excellent customer service. 3. C. Award-winning product quality. 4. D. Continually beating competitors to the market with new, innovative products. 5. E. High level of production efficiency. Target costing determines the desired cost for a product upon the basis of a given competitive price such that the product will: Mark – Incorrect Answers 1. A.Earn at least a small profit. 2. B. Earn a desired profit. 3. C. Earn the maximum profit. 4. D. Break even. 5. E. Sell the highest volume. Read more: http://testbank102.com/free-test-bank-for-cost-management-a-strategic-emphasis-5th-edition-multiple-choice-questions-part-1/#ixzz34m1MeTVt

Adults and ICT Essay

Ajesh Mehta is a normal employee who works in a pharmaceutical warehouse. This basically means he puts the boxes filled with medicines in the right places and inputs the number of what they are and their details in Microsoft Excel on a computer that he has at his work. He then makes a report on that and gives it to his boss and the other staff members. He uses many technologies. I will list them below and explain how he uses some of those technologies and how it has affected his personal and working life. TECHNOLOGIES THAT AJESH MEHTA USE:   Mobile Phones   CD Rewriters   Personal Organiser Internet Laptop. Email   Digital T. V. Microsoft Excel He says these technologies are a main part of his life and without them he wouldn’t have been able to do his work and enjoy easily. Microsoft Excel Although Ajesh Mehta doesn’t use Microsoft Excel personally but he mainly uses Microsoft Excel for work to do his reports. He says that Excel helps him to put his reports in their correct places very easily. Excel is like a spreadsheet and it is already set up in boxes; and unlike word in which you have to make tables and set them up in the size you want, which takes quite a lot of time, excel has everything ready for you. Before he started to use Excel, he used to have a lot of problems in a lot of different things. For example he always had to use scientific calculator to do all his calculations. But now as excel can do that quickly, he does it very fast. It used to take him about an hour to do all the calculation out the whole amount of time that he took to do his report, but now it only probably takes about fifteen minutes, out of the whole time. As he used to use word, he also had to make lots of tables and set them up in proper sizes. It used to take him about four to five hours just to do a single report as he had to do all the other things to make it ready just so he can do his report. But now the tables are ready for them, which saves him a lot of time and he can do his report in about two hours now. In excel we can also change the size and the colour, and we can also change the font like in word. It can also help you do bar charts like other seawares but very quickly and with easy processes. So in short it has also got the facility to do what other softwares do and plus its own unique ability. Now that he has started using Microsoft Excel, he can do his work quicker and doesn’t have to waste time. Despite all these advantages of Microsoft Excel, there are also disadvantages to this software. For example, there are lots and lots of different facilities that cannot be used by most people. Many people don’t have much knowledge in maths so they do not know how to use those facilities and as you know, Microsoft Excel was especially made for mathematical calculations. It would be quite hard for the user because he/she won’t be able to do those calculations. Another one of the disadvantages is that he feels is that the whole of Microsoft Excel is set up in tables. Then you can only write a little amount in certain places. Although you can spread the cells/boxes, you cannot write like other softwares like Microsoft Word. Ajesh Mehta finds this very annoying as he can’t write paragraphs in Excel. But he can do this by making it suitable but he is unaware of that. Therefore he has to write those things in Word and then copy them into Excel which takes a lot of time. So basically, although he has saved himself a lot of time by using Excel, he still wastes his time on other things. Now that he can complete his work faster, he always feels like doing more and more work. That basically means there is always work present for him. CDs Rewriters CD Rewriters are softwares, which allow you to write CDs on your computers. If you have two CD drives then you put your original CD in you first drive and a blank CD in the second drive and follow the process and the CD will be copied. There can also be CD Rewriters for the computers that only have one CD drive. This type of CD Rewriters copy the original CD on your hard drive and the when you put the blank CD in the drive, it puts that information onto that CD. Ajesh Mehta uses this software very often. He normally puts all information that he need to share with the other staff, onto a CD and then makes copies of that CDs and gives them to his staff. He does this about three times a week. He says it is very useful. He also think it is better than photocopying them lots of time on paper and then giving them out because he thinks that most of the time, the paper is lost before it reaches the person it is meant to be given to. The paper can also be torn before it reaches or it can be tore while in use. But he thinks that if everyone has a copy of the CDs with him or her then he or she can just print it when they need it even in future. Also, it takes very long to print a lot of copies, as they don’t have a laser printer. He would also need a lot of ink to print them of. But if everyone has their own copies then they could print it from their own computers, whenever they want. They can also look at it when at home on their own computers if they want to. On more of his problems with using CD Rewriters is that his company uses a lot of money to buy lots of CDs just so they can give a copy of the work they need to give to the other members of the staff. Another problems he thinks is very important is that after copying a lot of copies of the original CD then the CD gets really scratched which then goes useless. His CD drive also get very used up after using it a lot and they have to change it about every year, which costs a lot of money as well. There can be other ways that he can do this. For example he can use a network so that every person in his staff can have access to that file whenever they want. He could also attach those files via Email and send them to their email addresses. Al this would save their company a lot of time and money. This technology has affected his working life a lot. It saves him time because he can just start copying and then sit and do his other work. Although by using this brilliant technology, he thinks their company wastes a lot of money on blank CDs. But he thinks that even though they use a lot of money on blank CDs, it is useful as it can be used any time in the future as well. But as I said before, email could be very useful to him. Personally he uses CD Rewriters in a very different manner and also in many different ways. Mostly he uses it to make audio CDs of new songs so he can listen to them in his car. He likes listening to new songs very much. He said that he makes new CDs about twice a month. But the disadvantage of this is that when a CD is copied and as it is not original, it gets scratched very easily. So I would suggest that he could just buy a CD with don’t get scratched or he could always listen to radio. As Ajesh Mehta is very fond of keeping his computer up to date and not let it go slow, he re-boots his computer about once every year. So to keep the work that he has saved on his computer, he puts all his work on a CD. For this he uses a CD Rewriter, which he says helps him out a lot as he cant lose his work as after you re-boot a computer you lose all the work on it. But another alternative choice could be that he gets a virus protector which wont let his computer go slow very easily and so he wont have to re-boot his computer once a year. This way he will save time, money and so he will only have to re-boot his computer about once every three years. This is how CD Rewriters have helped Ajesh Mehta quite a lot in his both, working and personal life although he could use other options. This technology hasn’t affected his working styles a lot. But this does help him to take his work home and anywhere else when he needs to. Email Ajesh Mehta has an email account in Yahoo and Hotmail. He has had these accounts for more than four years. Email allows him to do his work very quickly and he also stays in touch with his friends and family. He only uses email for one reason at his work. When he has finished his work, he has to email his boss to say him that the work that he set has been finished and that he is waiting for further instructions. His boss then emails him back and then he does his further work. The problem for him by using this technology is that if he sends an email, it sometimes doesn’t go as the server might be down or there can be many people on that specific website. So he has to wait quite a long time. Sometimes the problem happens that he boss is not online. Even though this hardly ever happens, but it does happen sometimes. He gets very annoyed with this. Sometimes the same thing happens to his boss as well. Only other alternative for this could be to use a Telephone. This would be quicker than email, so it would save him time and he won’t have to stop every time he finishes his work. Although it would cost him money, it would at least be quicker. Personally he uses email to be in touch with his friends and relative. Every once a week he mails his parents and brother to ask how they and their family are. He emails them and gets a reply the next day, which is quite faster than snail mail. Although he keeps in touch with them via email, I would say Telephone would be much better for them. He could call them and talk to them in seconds while for email he has to wait a day for them to reply and sometimes the emails don’t even get through. But the thing is that phoning those costs a lot of money, so even better than Telephone would be Messenger. This way he could chat to them, talk to them and even see them if he wants to. This technology has affected Ajesh Mehta’s life a lot. He says if these technologies won’t there, then he would have had to waste lots of money which he can’t afford and so he won’t have been able to talk to his parents and brother every week. This technology is a very important part of his life. This technology has also affected his working styles. By the help of this technology, he can now send his little work files through files because there is no real point of writing CDs when the files are very small and only he needs it. But the bad effect is that when he gets his work home, he feels like working at home so he doesn’t get any time to socialise. Also by working at home, he doesn’t get any help or equipment that he uses at work. So he wastes his time doing his office work at home and he still doesn’t finish his work how it is supposed to be finished.

The Miracle Worker By William Gibson.

The Miracle Worker By William Gibson. Annie's Positive Influence On Helen, Captain Keller, Kate, and JamesThis essay displays Annie Sullivan's positive influence on Helen, James, Kate, and Captain Keller from the book The Miracle Worker by William Gibson. The Miracle Worker is a story that shows the strength and power of human will and its ability to triumph over the most devastating handicaps. During the course of the story Annie Sullivan makes extensive changes in the lives of the members of the Keller family.Foremost, Annie's most tremendous impact is on the main character of the story, Helen Keller. Annie not only teaches Helen to communicate with the environment around her, but at the same time she teaches her the proper etiquette of a human being without her disabilities. But that was not the case before she arrived at the Keller household. Before Annie had come to the Keller's, Helen was a child lost in her physical disabilities, and trapped inside a useless body, unable to communicate comprehensively with anyone or anything.Helen Keller with Anne SullivanShe understood almost nothing, and had no code of civility. A legible example of this behaviour was when Helen would pace around the table during supper time, sniff gratuitously at her family member's dishes and taste their food openly without anyone noticing or paying even the least significant amount of attention to her doings (This is a good exposition that the Keller family has never taken the time to show Annie right from wrong). A quote from the novel which supports this information is "While this background talk is in progress, Helen is working around the table ultimately towards Annie's plate, she messes her hands in James's plate, then in Keller's, both men taking it so for granted that they hardly notice." (Pg.54, The Miracle Worker, by William Gibson, Bantam Books,

Breast Is Best Essay Research Paper Breast

Breast Is Best Essay, Research Paper Breast Is Best Breast eating non merely provides the perfect nutrient and nutrient bringing system for babies, it is besides the most household friendly pick a new female parent can do.# 8220 ; Human breast milk contains at least one hundred ingredients non found in cow # 8217 ; s milk and that can non be precisely duplicated in commercial expression # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 3 ) . As a babe grows and alterations, chest milk automatically individualizes itself for each baby. The foods in chest milk alter themselves to suit the babe # 8217 ; s demands. Breast milk is more easy digested than cow # 8217 ; s milk or expression. # 8220 ; The sum of protein in female parent # 8217 ; s milk ( 1.5 % ) is lower than in cow # 8217 ; s milk ( 3.5 % ) ( Brockport 1 ) , doing it gentler on the baby # 8217 ; s tummy. Soy milk expressions are even further in composing from what nature intended. Brockport besides points out that # 8220 ; an baby that has been breast fed is less likely to go fleshy and it lower s the opportunity of fleshiness later in life # 8221 ; ( 2 ) . Virtually no babe is allergic to breast milk, while # 8220 ; beta-lactoglobulin, a Smith 2 substance contained in cow # 8217 ; s milk can trip an allergic reaction which can be life endangering # 8221 ; ( Denmark 1 ) . Some suspect this to be the cause of certain instances of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Denmark states that # 8220 ; for every 87 unnaturally fed babes who die from SIDS, merely three chest Federal babes die from SIDS # 8221 ; ( 1 ) . Nursed babes are about neer constipated because of the easier digestibleness of chest milk. Breast fed babes are less likely to endure from gripes, gas, and inordinate ptyalizing up. They besides seldom have diarrhea-since chest milk seems to destruct some diarrhoea doing beings and to promote the growing of good vegetations in the digestive piece of land, which further discourages digestive disturbance. Large sums of Na are hard for a babe # 8217 ; s kidneys to manage. Breast milk contains one-third the mineral salts of cow # 8217 ; s milk, therefore doing it soft to the kidneys. There is less phosphoric in chest milk every bit good. The higher P content of cow # 8217 ; s milk is linked to a reduced Ca degree in the expression fed infant # 8217 ; s blood. Breast Federal babes are far less likely to go sick during the first twelvemonth than expression fed babes. # 8221 ; The transportation of immune factors in chest milk and in the pre-milk substance, foremilk, provides partial protection. Every clip chest fed babies suckle at their female parent # 8217 ; s chest from the first clip to the last ; they are acquiring a healthy dosage of anti-bodies to bolster their unsusceptibility to Smith 3 disease # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 54 ) . One recent survey suggest # 8221 ; there may besides be a reduced hazard of childhood malignant neoplastic disease in chest Federal babies # 8221 ; ( Eisenburg 55 ) . Breast Federal babes are well-fed since chest eating plants by supply and demand. The more the babe nurses the greater the female parent # 8217 ; s milk production. Overall, babes that are breast Federals have less wellness jobs than babes that are unnaturally fed. # 8220 ; They have three times fewer ear infections, five times fewer urinary piece of land infections, five times fewer serious unwellnesss and seven times fewer allergic reactions. Babies who are fed mother # 8217 ; s milk entirely, for at least their first 26 hebdomads, are six times less likely to develop lymphoma ( a type of malignant neoplastic disease ) in childhood, and babes breast fed for at least one twelvemonth are merely half as likely to develop diabetes # 8221 ; ( Sears 41 ) . Breast milk can get down a life-time of good wellness for a babe. As grownups, people who were breast Federals have: less asthma, diabetes, fewer tegument upsets, fewer allergic reactions, lowered hazard of bosom onslaught due to take down cholesterin degrees, fewer ulcers, less Crohn # 8217 ; s disease, and protection from certain chronic liver diseases. Breast milk encourages proper development. It promotes # 8220 ; good jaw development # 8221 ; , which has an advantage to proper tooth development and alliance, and # 8220 ; active usage of oral cavity and lingua while breast-feeding encourages proper address development. Switch overing babe from right to go forth arm Smith 4 while feeding promotes balanced oculus musculuss # 8221 ; ( Dermer 1 ) . In add-on, Dermer states that # 8220 ; breast milk enhances structural development of the oculus and allows growing and development of babe # 8217 ; s encephalon and cardinal nervous system ( 2 ) . Recent surveies show higher IQ tonss for chest Federal kids, straight correlated with the length of clip they were breast Federal. Aside from the nutritionary, physical, and mental advantages of chest eating, the chest fed baby tends to be happier and more confident. Obvious are the chest eating advantages to the baby, but what about for the female parent? When a female parent chest feeds her babe, they bond. The skin-to-skin contact and interaction promotes adhering and enhances understanding and credence. A survey from a underdeveloped state found that when chest eating rates were increased among female parents with a important forsaking rate, fewer of these female parents abandoned their babes. Breast eating besides encourages feelings of peace, satisfaction, relaxation, and intimacy. Immediately after birth, the babe # 8217 ; s sucking causes perennial explosions of oxy-toxin to be released which in bend contracts the womb. This protects the female parent from postpartum hemorrhaging every bit good as assisting the womb to return to its normal size, which finally aides the female parent in returning to her pre-pregnancy weight. Mothers who breast provender are at a lower hazard for chest malignant neoplastic disease. Eisenburg tells us that # 8220 ; adult females nursing for a lifetime sum of two old ages lower Smith 5 their hazard before climacteric by 40 per centum. Nursing for six old ages lowers their hazard before climacteric by 66 per centum, and seven old ages of nursing lowers the hazard of chest malignant neoplastic disease throughout a adult female # 8217 ; s life-time to about zero # 8221 ; ( 55 ) . Breast eating besides lowers the hazard of other malignant neoplastic diseases such as ovarian and uterine malignant neoplastic diseases. On a lighter note, allow us non bury God # 8217 ; s natural chest augmentation which enhances the chests appearance far more dexterously than any sawbones # 8217 ; s manus.# 8220 ; Breast eating entirely, without solids or addendums, delays the oncoming of ovulation and monthly catamenial rhythms # 8221 ; ( Dermer 1 ) , which contributes significantly to household planning and child-spacing. In making this, the female parent is practising the lactactional amenorrhoea method which is over 98 per centum effectual in forestalling gestation the first six m onths postpartum. The degree of protection T biddy decreases in relation to the strength and frequence of suckling. In Senegal, where female parents breast provender for an norm of 19 months, and in Bangladesh, where female parents breast feed an norm of 31 months, births are at least two old ages apart. The child-spacing consequence of chest eating is particularly relevant to adult females for whom contraceptive method is unaffordable, unavailable, or unacceptable. Breast milk is readily available and convenient, no bottles to warm or formula to blend. In contrast, trust on bottle-feeding is peculiarly hazardous for households with low incomes and limited entree to clean H2O and fuel. Too Smith 6 frequently, taint occurs when bottles can non be decently sterilized, and malnutrition consequences when babes are bottle-fed liquids such as diluted juices or teas. The economic sciences of breast-feeding are besides of import to see. Breast- feeding saves households clip and money that would be spent on buying infant expression, bottles, wellness attention, and fuel. For illustration, # 8220 ; the mean cost of feeding a six-month old babe is eight hundred and 55 dollars for one twelvemonth # 8221 ; ( Brockport 3 ) , utilizing powdery expression. Concentrated and ready to utilize expressions be even more. This is equal to at least the mean family # 8217 ; s monthly per capita income in many developing states. On the norm, households spend two hundred dollars in wellness attention claims for the norm one twelvemonth old unnaturally fed babe. Because chest Federal babes are healthier than those who receive chest milk replacements, households save clip and money that would be spent on visits to wellness practicians and on buying medical specialties. In short, breast eating enables households to accomplish great autonomy, therefore cut downing their dependence upon commercial ( and interior ) merchandises. The painstaking individual should besides be sensitive to the effects chest eating has on the environment. Breast eating is ecologically sound since it uses merely renewable resources and produces merely biodegradable wastes. In Smith 7 contrast, bottle-feeding utilizations non-renewable resources such as Sn, plastic, glass and Si, and produces non-biodegradable wastes and pollution. Furthermore, while chest milk is produce locally and on demand, bottle-feeding merchandises are frequently transported considerable distances by transnational companies. Eisenburg points out that # 8220 ; Artificial milk involves ; overgrazing of land by cowss, usage of chemical fertilisers to turn the soy, usage of valuable environmental resources for expression production, packaging and transporting of the merchandise, usage of H2O and fuel in commixture and heating the merchandise, waste disposal of the tins, bottles, accoutrements, cartons, etc. Artificial eating additions social and personal wellness attention costs and harmfully effects the environment # 8221 ; ( 56 ) . Harmonizing to the Surgeon General of the United States, 30 to forty per centum of new female parents start off chest feeding their babes. The official end of the Surgeon General # 8217 ; s office is to duplicate the figure so that 70 five per centum of new female parents are breast-feeding. The adult females least likely to breast provender are low-income adult females. Unfortunately, these are the really adult females who are most likely to go corpulent after gestation and whose babes could most profit from the long-run wellness benefits of chest eating.# 8220 ; Ever since Eve put Cain to suckle for the first clip, breast-feeding has Smith 8 been coming of course to female parents and neonates. Right? Well, that is non ever the instance, at least non right off # 8221 ; ( McGough ) . Eisenberg would hold to this statement. Although nursing does come of course, he believes # 8220 ; It comes of course a small later for some female parents and babes than others # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . Sometimes there are physical factors that hamper those first few efforts ; at other times it # 8217 ; s merely a simple deficiency of experience of both participants. Whatever might be maintaining the babe and the chests apart, it won # 8217 ; t be long before they are in perfect sync, every bit long as the female parent doesn # 8217 ; t give up foremost. Some of the most reciprocally fulfilling breast-baby relationships begin with several yearss of fumbling, failed attempts, and cryings on both sides. As a first clip female parent I can associate to challenges of larning to breast-feed. I have a healthy, smart, good adjusted ( non to advert beautiful ) babe miss. I contribute a big portion of those qualities to breast-feeding. I was a chest babe myself, and upon larning that I was pregnant, I had really small vacillation in make up ones minding if I would follow in my female parent # 8217 ; s footfalls. I did extended research on the pros and cons of breast-feeding and came up with really few cons. I feel that chest eating my girl was the first and most of import gift I could give her, aside from love. The satisfaction that I received from nursing her far outweighs any incommodiousnesss that I might hold incurred. The comfort of cognizing that she was acquiring the best, most Smith 9 alimentary nutrient possible is an indefinable one, and the intimacy that we portion because of it is invaluable. Although I was merely able to nurse her for five months, I would non merchandise the experience or the benefits for anything. I hope to be able to nurse my following kid for a twelvemonth. Obstetricians, baby doctors, nurse-midwives, even makers of infant expression agree that breast-feeding is best. No affair how far engineering progresss, there will ever be some things that Mother Nature does best. As Oliver Wendell Holmes the Elder said over a century ago, # 8220 ; A brace of significant mammary secretory organs has the advantage over the two hemispheres of the most erudite professor # 8217 ; s encephalon in the art of intensifying a alimentary fluid for babies # 8221 ; ( 58 ) . Smith 10 Brockport. # 8220 ; Advantages of Breast-feeding # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acs.brockport.edu/~bb1368* . Page 1-3. Denmark.. # 8220 ; Breast-feeding for Good Health # 8221 ; Advertisement. Department of Health and Human Services. July 1999. Dermer, Alicia. # 8220 ; Breast-feeding: Good for Babies Mothers and The Planet # 8221 ; . hypertext transfer protocol: //medicalreporter.health.org* . page 1 A ; 2. Eisenburg, Heidi E. Murkoff, and Sandee E. Hathaway. What to Expect the First Year. New York: Workman, 1996. McGough, Patrick. Telephone interview. 13 July 1999. Sears, William. # 8220 ; Ensuring Baby # 8217 ; s Health. # 8221 ; Rearing. January 1998.

Case study 3C Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study 3C - Assignment Example 3. I guess that people paying for the lottery are mostly aware of the fact that they pay additional taxes if they understand how the state tax system works. Moreover, the amount of money a person pays for a lottery ticket is not that big to create problems for a person spending money on it. The Oregon Lottery was playing on some kind of local patriotism making its customers believe that buying lottery will contribute to the development of the state and this claim was unethical because it was only partially true. 4. Brands often make advertising statements exaggerating things and emphasizing something that is only half true. Oregon Lottery was using a deceitful tool for attracting clients, and their approach can hardly be called ethical. 1. Creative vagueness in statements is utilized to attract customers as in most cases there is a range of brands similar in their characteristics, and it is only advertising that can persuade a customer choose one product over another. However, if the information about the products would be as precise as facts in the news that could be very useful for consumers. 3. The response of Oregon Lottery on the accusation of Politifacts.com was as vague their advertising campaign: they decide to mothball this â€Å"97 percent† but claimed that they decided to stick to it nevertheless. It would be more optimal to provide public with facts and figures proving truthfulness of their statements. 1. I suppose that lottery can easily serve as a means of support of public education as any other legal business. The only thing is that consumers must be fully aware how much and why they are paying for. 2. An ethical campaign for a local lottery must first of all use truthful statements in advertising campaign. The possibility of financial profit can serve as a motto for the company as it is its primary goal. Moreover, the